Mortalidad Asociada a Eventos Extremis de Frio en Argentina, 2005-2015 / Mortality Associated to Extreme Cold Events in Argentina, 2005-2015

La mortalidad guarda relación con las temperaturas diarias y los eventos extremos. Este estudio buscó analizar los efectos de las bajas temperaturas sobre la mortalidad en las principales ciudades de Argentina en el período 2005-2015. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de series temporales con modelos aditivos generalizados, modelando la relación entre bajas temperaturas y mortalidad para 21 ciudades de Argentina entre 2005 y 2015. Se analizó la mortalidad general y por grupos de sexo, edad y causa de muerte, en días fríos y días de olas de frío, así como los rezagos de 7 y 14 días posteriores a dichos eventos. RESULTADOS: En los 7 días posteriores a un día frío, el riesgo de muerte aumenta en la mitad de las ciudades entre un 1,04 [IC95%: 1,00-1,08] y un 1,14 [IC95%: 1,06-1,23] según la ciudad. El grupo de 65 años y más es el que muestra mayor impacto, con un incremento de hasta el 1,20 [IC95%: 1,05-1,39]. Las olas de frío se asocian con un aumento más pronunciado en el riesgo de morir en los siguientes 7 días en 8 ciudades (1,05 [IC95%: 1,03-1,08] a 1,30 [IC95%: 1,03-1,65]), y en 10 ciudades en los siguientes 14 días, aunque con valores algo más bajos. CONCLUSIONES: Con diferencias en magnitud y robustez estadística según las ciudades, la población de las áreas urbanas presenta un riesgo aumentado de muerte durante los 7 y 14 días posteriores a un evento de frío extremo

Plan de reducción de la vulnerabilidad ante la temporada de bajas temperaturas del Ministerio de Salud, 2019-2021 / Plan for reducing vulnerability to the low-temperature season of the Ministry of Health, 2019-2021

El documento contiene los objetivos, las líneas de acción y actividades que prioritariamente se deben realizar, a fin de implementar acciones ante la temporada de baja temepraturas.

Impact of air temperature on years of life lost among residents in Guangzhou and Zhuhai: a time-series study / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the impacts of air temperature on years of life lost (YLL) among the residents in Guangzhou and Zhuhai, Guangdong province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Daily mortality and meteorology data in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were collected, and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate the cumulative and delayed effects of daily air temperature on YLL of total non-accident mortality. The accumulative effect of air temperature on mortality under the extreme high temperature (0-1 days) and extreme low temperature (0-13 days) situation in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were analyzed respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average YLL was 1 928.0 in Guangzhou and 202.5 in Zhuhai. The exposure-response functions seemed to be non-linear. The hot effect seemed to be acute and reached the peak at the same day, while the cold effect reached the peak at 5(th) days and lasted for about two weeks. Low temperature had stronger gross effect than high temperature had. The cold effect among males was greater than that among females in Guangzhou. The hot/cold effect on YLL was greater in people aged ≥ 65 years than in people aged < 65 years and in people suffering from respiratory disease than in people suffering from cardiovascular disease in both Guangzhou and Zhuhai.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effects of high and low temperatures on YLL were obvious, and the impact of low temperature was greater. The elderly and people suffering from respiratory disease or cardiovascular disease are the vulnerable populations.</p>

Incomodidad y rendimiento laboral en el trabajo expuesto al frio extremo / Workers’ discomfort andoutput when exposed to extreme cold in everyday working conditions

Objetivos: Estudiar la sintomatología dolorosa y la capacidad aerobia máxima y su influencia en la percepción de frío de trabajadores expuestos a frio extremo en cuartos de liofilización. Métodos: Operarios de cuartos de liofilización fueron sometidos a un test de VO2max y adicionalmente diligienciaron las versiones en español del Health-Check Questionnaire For Subjects Exposed To Cold y del Standarised Nordic Questionnaire For The Analysys Of Musculoskeletal Symptoms. Resultados: El VO2max no tiene relación con la percepción de incomodidad por causa del frío en el puesto de trabajo. El rendimiento laboral en el frío extremo no resulta afectado por el nivel de VO2max del sujeto. En cuanto a la prevalencia de signos y síntomas, la población de trabajadores reporta con mayor frecuencia aumento en la excreción de moco y problemas respiratorios. Conclusiones: El VO2max no afecta la percepción de frío ni el rendimiento laboral en trabajadores expuestos a temperaturas extremadamente frías.

Objectives: Examining workers’ painful symptoms and maximum aerobic capacity and the influence of such factors on their perception of cold when exposed to extreme cold in lyophilisation rooms. Methods: Lyophilisation room workers were subjected to an ergometric test and also completed the Spanish version of the Health-check questionnaire for subjects exposed to cold (Centre for Arctic Medicine, Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland)and the Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms(Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Physiology, Helsinki, Finland). Results: VO2max was not related to a perception of cold-related discomfort in the workplace. Work performance when exposed to extreme cold was not affected by VO2maxlevel. Concerning the prevalence of signs and symptoms, the most frequently reported symptom was increased mucus excretion. Conclusions: VO2max did not affect workers’ perception of cold or their work output when exposed to extremely cold temperatures.

Comparison of Forcep-biopsy and Cryo-biopsy by a Flexible Bronchoscopy / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: A forceps-biopsy is performed to acquire tissue from patients with an endobronchial carcinoma using a flexible bronchoscope. Recently, a cryo-biopsy has also been used to acquire tissue samples. Cryo-biopsy is the diagnostic application of extreme cold for the local destruction of abnormal living tissue. This technique is safe, with no radiation danger, no risk of electrical accidents, and a little risk of bleeding. This study compared a forceps-biopsy with a cryo-biopsy using a flexible bronchoscope, and examined the chemosensitivity and level of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in the specimens obtained from the cryo-biopsy. METHODS: We present a prospective study of 30 consecutive patients who underwent a forceps-biopsy between January 2007 and October 2007 with a mean age of 62.1 years and a male:female ratio of 5 : 1. A flexible bronchoscope was inserted to the area of the abnormal lesions, and a cryo-probe was then applied through the working channel of the flexible bronchoscope. A temperature of approximately -80 was delivered to the tumor site for 8 seconds. The cryo-biopsy was performed after destroying the tumor mass. RESULTS: The mean size of the tissue from the forceps-biopsy and cryo-biopsy were 2.0+/-1.2 mm and 6.0+/-3.0 mm. A chemosensitivity test was performed on 5 specimens obtained using cryo-biopsy and the level of VEGF was examined in 2 specimens obtained from a cryo-biopsy. There were no side effects in either group. CONCLUSION: Cryo-biopsy using a flexible bronchoscope is a safe and effective technique for acquiring tissue samples.

Clinical Benefits and Complications of Cryotherapy in Advanced Lung Cancer with Central Airway Obstruction / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of the use of the interventional bronchoscope for palliation of patients with central airway obstruction has been established. In the palliative setting to alleviate central airway obstruction, the use of laser resection, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation, photodynamic therapy and cryotherapy can provide relief of an airway obstruction. Cryotherapy is the therapeutic application of extreme cold for the local destruction of living tissue. Recently, this technique has been used for endoscopic management of central airway obstructions in Korea. We report the role and complications of the use of cryotherapy for airway obstructions in patients with advanced lung cancer. METHODS: We used a flexible cryoprobe for cryotherapy using nitrous oxide as a cryogen. The cryoprobe was applied through the working channel of a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. The temperature of the tip was approximately -89degrees C, and the icing time was 5~20 seconds. RESULTS: Four patients with a central airway obstruction from advanced lung cancer were treated with cryotherapy. Three of the four patients were treated successfully and the airway obstruction was improved after the cryotherapy procedure. Dyspnea, hypoxia and atelectais were improved in three cases. Two patients experienced complications-one patient experienced pneumomediastinum and the other patient experienced massive hemoptysis during the cryotherapy procedure. However, these complications resolved and did not influence mortality. CONCLUSION: This technique is effective and relatively safe for palliation of inoperable advanced lung cancer with a central airway obstruction.